Introduction The IEC 61508:2010 is the second edition and the current international standard issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for the functional safety of electrical, electronic,…
The electric and power grid is essential for the national economy since all other sectors rely on the availability of electricity. The proliferation of IoT devices, digital…
In acknowledgment of National Cyber Security Awareness Month (NCSAM) 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) declared that “cyber security is national security.” DOE went on to…
The information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) domains are converging. As reported by Automation, a webinar poll conducted by Forrester and Nozomi Networks in the summer…
The energy and utility industry perform a crucial function in the national economy and national security of countries worldwide. When these industries' critical industrial automation and control…
Purpose of NIST SP 800-82 Rev 2The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication (SP) 800-82 Revision 2, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS)…
Chemical Facilities Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) is a regulatory program established by the US Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). The enforcement of…
The convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) in Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) has resulted in the significant extension of the industrial threat…
What is PHA?Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) is an in-depth and systematic effort to identify and analyze potential hazards' impact on industrial processes. The findings from a PHA…
Cyber Hazard and Operability study (cyber HAZOP) is a safety-based cybersecurity risk assessment on Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS): Operational Technologies (OT), Basic Process Control Systems…